Osamu KITADEProfessor
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- Molecular phylogeny of Spirotrichonymphea (Parabasalia) with emphasis on Spironympha, Spirotrichonympha, and three new genera Pseudospironympha, Nanospironympha, and Brugerollina
Noda S; Kitade O; Jasso-Selles DE; Taerum SJ; Takayanagi M; Radek R; Lo N; Ohkuma M; Gillian H. Gile, Spirotrichonymphea, one of the six classes of phylum Parabasalia, are characterized by bearing many flagella in spiral rows, and they occur exclusively in the guts of termites. Phylogenetic relationships among the 13 described genera are not well understood due to complex morphological evolution and a paucity of molecular data. One such understudied genus is Spironympha. It has been variously considered a valid genus, a subgenus of Spirotrichonympha, or an "immature " life cycle stage of Spirotrichonympha. To clarify this, we sequenced the small subunit rRNA gene sequences of Spironympha and Spirotrichonympha cells isolated from the hindguts of Reticulitermes species and Hodotermopsis sjostedti and confirmed the molecular identity of H. sjostedti symbionts using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Spironympha as currently circumscribed is polyphyletic, with both H. sjostedti symbiont species branching separately from the "true " Spironympha from Reticulitermes. Similarly, the Spirotrichonympha symbiont of H. sjostedti branches separately from the "true " Spirotrichonympha found in Reticulitermes. Our data support Spironympha from Reticulitermes as a valid genus most closely related to Spirotrichonympha, though its monophyly and interspecific relationships are not resolved in our molecular phylogenetic analysis. We propose three new genera to accommodate the H. sjostedti symbionts and two new species of Spirotrichonympha from Reticulitermes., International Society of Protistologists
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 09 Feb. 2023, [Reviewed] - Effect of symbiotic N2 fixation on leaf protein contents, protein degradation and nitrogen resorption during leaf senescence in temperate deciduous woody species
Tanabe R; Miyazawa S; Kitade O; Oikawa S, Springer
Oecologia, 01 Sep. 2022, [Reviewed] - Microbial mutualism promoting the coexistence of competing species: Double-layer model for two competing hosts and one microbial species.
Yokoi H; Takeuchi Y; Ichinose G; Kitade O; Tainaka K., Gause's law of competitive exclusion holds that the coexistence of competing species is extremely unlikely when niches are not differentiated. This law is supported by many mathematical studies, yet the coexistence of competing species is nearly ubiquitous in real ecosystems. We pay attention to the fact that plants and animals usually contact with microbial species as mutualistic partners. The activity spaces of host species are different from those of micro-organisms. In the present study, we apply double-layer model to the association of two competing hosts and a microorganism. Two lattices are prepared: one is for hosts, and the other is for microorganism. The basic equation obtained by mean-field theory is an extension of Lotka-Volterra competition model. Both mathematical analysis and numerical simulations reveal that a shared microbial mutualist can permit the coexistence of competing hosts. From the derived condition of coexistence, we believe the microbial mutualism promotes biodiversity in many ecological systems., Elsevier
Biosystems, Jan. 2022, [Reviewed] - Fine-scale genetic diversity and putative ecotypes of oxymonad protists coinhabiting the hindgut of Reticulitermes speratus
Igai K; Kitade O; Fu J-Y; Omata K; Yonezawa T; Ohkuma M; Hongoh Y, Wiley
Molecular Ecology, 05 Dec. 2021, [Reviewed] - Molecular phylogenetic position of Microjoenia (Parabasalia: Spirotricho-nymphea) from Reticulitermes and Hodotermopsis termite hosts.
Gile; G.H.; Taerum; S.J.; Jasso-Selles; D.E.; Sillam-Dussès; D.; Ohkuma; M.; Kitade; O.; Noda; S., Microjoenia are obligate symbionts of termites. The genus was erected in 1892 for small cells with many flagella that insert near, but not directly from, the cell apex, and an axostyle that can protrude from the cell posterior. Although ultrastructural studies have been carried out on three Microjoenia species to date, no molecular data have been directly attributed to any species. Microjoenia are classified within the parabasalian class Spirotrichonymphea, which is characterized by flagellar bands that emerge near the cell apex and proceed posteriorly in a right-handed helix. In Microjoenia, however, the flagellar bands are very short and proceed longitudinally or with a weakly observable helix. In this study, we have amplified and sequenced the 18S ribosomal RNA gene from individually isolated Microjoenia cells from Reticulitermes and Hodotermopsis hosts as part of an ongoing effort to understand the phylogeny of Spirotrichonymphea and their coevolution with termites. In our 18S rRNA gene phylogeny, Microjoenia forms the sister lineage to Spirotrichonympha, though many other evolutionary relationships within Spirotrichonymphea remain unresolved. (c) 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved., ELSEVIER GMBH
Protist, 05 Oct. 2021, [Reviewed] - Host-symbiont cospeciation of termite-gut cellulolytic protists of the genera teranympha and eucomonympha and their treponema endosymbionts
Satoko Noda; Daichi Shimizu; Masahiro Yuki; Osamu Kitade; Moriya Ohkuma, Cellulolytic flagellated protists inhabit the hindgut of termites. They are unique and essential to termites and related wood-feeding cockroaches, enabling host feeding on cellulosic matter. Protists of two genera in the family Teranymphidae (phylum Parabasalia), Eucomonympha and Teranympha, are phylogenetically closely related and harbor intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria from the genus Treponema. In order to obtain a clearer understanding of the evolutionary history of this triplex symbiotic relationship, the molecular phylogenies of the three symbiotic partners, the Teranymphidae protists, their Treponema endosymbionts, and their host termites, were inferred and compared. Strong congruence was observed in the tree topologies of all interacting partners, implying their cospeciating relationships. In contrast, the coevolutionary relationship between the Eucomonympha protists and their endosymbionts was more complex, and evidence of incongruence against cospeciating relationships suggested frequent host switches of the endosymbionts, possibly because multiple Eucomonympha species are present in the same gut community. Similarities in the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences of the endosymbionts were higher among Teranympha spp. (>
99.25% and >
97.2%, respectively), whereas those between Teranympha and Eucomonympha were lower (<
97.1% and <
91.9%, respectively). In addition, the endosymbionts of Teranympha spp. formed a phylogenetic clade distinct from those of Eucomonympha spp. Therefore, the endosymbiont species of Teranympha spp., designated here as “Candidatus Treponema teratonymphae”, needs to be classified as a species distinct from the endosymbiont species of Eucomonympha spp., Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology
Microbes and Environments, 2018, [Reviewed] - Male-specific molecular genetic markers in the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus
Y. Hayashi; K. Oguchi; K. Yamaguchi; O. Kitade; K. Maekawa; T. Miura; S. Shigenobu, Sex-specific genetic markers are often required for studying sex-associated phenomena. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) allows detection of a huge number of genetic polymorphisms and is particularly useful for identifying sex-specific DNA-based (or molecular) genetic markers. Although sex determination in the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus depends on an XX/XY chromosome system, in which male-specific molecular genetic markers can be developed, no such marker has been developed. In this study, we developed male-specific genetic markers for R. speratus using RAD-seq with two restriction enzymes (i.e. double digest [dd] RAD-seq). We subjected 58 field-collected individuals per sex to ddRAD-seq and obtained around 210 million paired-end reads. Our in silico analysis of ddRAD-seq data detected 25 male-specific loci but no female-specific loci, thus confirming an XX/XY system. To verify the male specificity of those loci, we conducted PCR with primers designed for male-specific loci. Accordingly, we obtained male-specific PCR amplifications in six of the 25 loci. Furthermore, we examined whether these six male-specific markers were also applicable to individuals derived from four Japanese populations of R. speratus, including from the northern and southern ends of the distribution range in Japan. Of the six markers, five exhibited male-specific PCR amplifications in all four populations
the sixth was applicable to three populations. PCR amplification tests for cross-species applicability in R. kanmonensis found that none of these markers were cross-species applicable. The six male-specific markers would be useful for sex and sex chromosome identification in R. speratus individuals at all life stages., Birkhauser Verlag AG
Insectes Sociaux, 01 Aug. 2017, [Reviewed] - Intracolonial genetic variation affects reproductive skew and colony productivity during colony foundation in a parthenogenetic termite
Satoshi Miyazaki; Miho Yoshimura; Ryota Saiki; Yoshinobu Hayashi; Osamu Kitade; Kazuki Tsuji; Kiyoto Maekawa, Background: In insect societies, intracolonial genetic variation is predicted to affect both colony efficiency and reproductive skew. However, because the effects of genetic variation on these two colony characteristics have been tested independently, it remains unclear whether they are affected by genetic variation independently or in a related manner. Here we test the effect of genetic variation on colony efficiency and reproductive skew in a rhinotermitid termite, Reticulitermes speratus, a species in which female-female pairs can facultatively found colonies. We established colonies using two types of female-female pairs: colonies founded by sisters (i.e., sister-pair colonies) and those founded by females from different colonies (i.e., unrelated-pair colonies). Colony growth and reproductive skew were then compared between the two types of incipient colonies.
Results: At 15 months after colony foundation, unrelated-pair colonies were larger than sister-pair colonies, although the caste ratio between workers and nymphs, which were alternatively differentiated from young larvae, did not differ significantly. Microsatellite DNA analyses of both founders and their parthenogenetically produced offspring indicated that, in both sister-pair and unrelated-pair colonies, there was no significant skew in the production of eggs, larvae, workers and soldiers. Nymph production, however, was significantly more skewed in the sister-pair colonies than in unrelated-pair colonies. Because nymphs can develop into winged adults (alates) or nymphoid reproductives, they have a higher chance of direct reproduction than workers in this species.
Conclusions: Our results support the idea that higher genetic variation among colony members could provide an increase in colony productivity, as shown in hymenopteran social insects. Moreover, this study suggests that low genetic variation (high relatedness) between founding females increases reproductive skew via one female preferentially channeling her relatives along the reproductive track. This study thus demonstrated that, in social insects, intracolonial genetic variation can simultaneously affect both colony efficiency and reproductive skew., BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Aug. 2014, [Reviewed] - Cellulolytic protist numbers rise and fall dramatically in termite queens and kings during colony foundation.
Shimada; K.; Lo; N.; Kitade; O.; Wakui; A. and Maekawa; K., Among the best-known examples of mutualistic symbioses is that between lower termites and the cellulolytic flagellate protists in their hindguts. Although the symbiosis in worker termites has attracted much attention, there have been only a few studies of protists in other castes. We have performed the first examination of protist population dynamics in queens and kings during termite colony foundation. Protist numbers, as well as measurements of hindgut and reproductive tissue sizes, were undertaken at five time points over 400 days in incipient colonies of Reticulitermes speratus, as well as in other castes of mature colonies of this species. We found that protist numbers increased dramatically in both queens and kings during the first 50 days of colony foundation but began to decrease by day 100, eventually disappearing by day 400. Hindgut width followed a pattern similar to that of protist numbers, while ovary and testis widths increased significantly only at day 400. Kings were found to contain higher numbers of protists than queens in incipient colonies, which may be linked to higher levels of nutrient transfer from kings to queens than vice versa, as is known in some other termite species. Protists were found to be abundant in soldiers from mature colonies but absent in neotenics. This probably reflects feeding of soldiers by workers via proctodeal trophallaxis and of reproductives via stomodeal trophallaxis. The results reveal the dynamic nature of protist numbers during colony foundation and highlight the trade-offs that exist between reproduction and parental care during this critical phase of the termite life cycle. © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Eukaryotic Cell, 11 Oct. 2013, [Reviewed] - Symbiotic protosit communities in the termite Coptotermes formosanus in Japan and a comparison of community structures between workers and soldiers.
Kitade O.; Hayashi; Y.; and Noda; S., Lead
Japanese Journal of Protozoology, 01 Oct. 2013, [Reviewed] - Neotenic Reproductives Influence Worker Caste Differentiation in the Termite Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera; Rhinotermitidae)
Y. Hayashi; H. Miyata; O. Kitade; N. Lo, Division of labor among castes in social insect colonies increases ergonomic efficiency and colony-level fitness, and has played a key role in the ecological success of social insects. Knowledge of the factors that regulate castes is important for understanding adaptive social organization. Our previous study on the termite Reticulitermes speratus demonstrated that the presence of a pair of nymphoid reproductives during development affected offspring caste ratios. In the present study, we investigated further the influence of individual neotenics on offspring caste ratios. Parthenogenetically-produced offspring were reared in worker-tended experimental colonies with the addition of different forms (nymphoid or ergatoid) and numbers of neotenics, and compared the caste ratios of the offspring between the different experimental treatments. We found that all offspring in worker-only tended colonies became nymphs, while a proportion of offspring in colonies with a single neotenic (with the exception of male ergatoids) differentiated into workers. These results show offspring caste ratios are influenced by the presence of single female ergatoids, single female and male nymphoids, while they remain unaffected by the presence of male ergatoids., UNIV ESTADUAL FEIRA SANTANA
SOCIOBIOLOGY, 2013 - Variation and diversity of symbiotic protist composition in the damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti.
Kitade O.; Hayashi; Y.; Takatsuto; K.; Matsumoto; T., Lead
Japanese Journal of Protozoology, 01 Oct. 2012, [Reviewed] - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Parabasalia with Improved Taxon Sampling and New Protein Markers of Actin and Elongation Factor-1 alpha
Satoko Noda; Clea Mantini; Dionigia Meloni; Jun-Ichi Inoue; Osamu Kitade; Eric Viscogliosi; Moriya Ohkuma, Background: Inferring the evolutionary history of phylogenetically isolated, deep-branching groups of taxa-in particular determining the root-is often extraordinarily difficult because their close relatives are unavailable as suitable outgroups. One of these taxonomic groups is the phylum Parabasalia, which comprises morphologically diverse species of flagellated protists of ecological, medical, and evolutionary significance. Indeed, previous molecular phylogenetic analyses of members of this phylum have yielded conflicting and possibly erroneous inferences. Furthermore, many species of Parabasalia are symbionts in the gut of termites and cockroaches or parasites and therefore formidably difficult to cultivate, rendering available data insufficient. Increasing the numbers of examined taxa and informative characters (e.g., genes) is likely to produce more reliable inferences.
Principal Findings: Actin and elongation factor-1 alpha genes were identified newly from 22 species of termite-gut symbionts through careful manipulations and seven cultured species, which covered major lineages of Parabasalia. Their protein sequences were concatenated and analyzed with sequences of previously and newly identified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the small-subunit rRNA gene. This concatenated dataset provided more robust phylogenetic relationships among major groups of Parabasalia and a more plausible new root position than those previously reported.
Conclusions/Significance: We conclude that increasing the number of sampled taxa as well as the addition of new sequences greatly improves the accuracy and robustness of the phylogenetic inference. A morphologically simple cell is likely the ancient form in Parabasalia as opposed to a cell with elaborate flagellar and cytoskeletal structures, which was defined as most basal in previous inferences. Nevertheless, the evolution of Parabasalia is complex owing to several independent multiplication and simplification events in these structures. Therefore, systematics based solely on morphology does not reflect the evolutionary history of parabasalids., PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PLOS ONE, Jan. 2012 - A microsatellite-based test of the Reticulitermes speratus genetic caste determination model in Coptotermes lacteus.
Ujvari B.; Li; B.; Evans; T. A.; King; A.; Kitade; O. and Lo; N., Coptotermes lacteus, a termite found in eastern Australia, is a central-site nester that constructs mounds up to 2 m in height. Mature colonies typically contain the primary king and queen, and up to a million or more worker and soldier offspring. Once a year, male and female nymphs are produced in approximately equal numbers and develop into new alates. Experimental removal of the queen in the field and subsequent mating of the king with a replacement queen, results in an unusual phenomenon whereby the production of female nymphs completely ceases, while the production of male nymphs, and workers of both sexes, continues. The proximate cause of this nymph male-bias is yet to be discovered. The production of male nymphs and workers of both sexes in de-queened C. lacteus colonies is equivalent to offspring production patterns in laboratory crosses of male nymphoid (nymph-derived) with female ergatoid (worker-derived) replacement reproductives in the related species Reticulitermes speratus. An X-linked genetically influenced caste determination (GCD) mechanism has been proposed to account for such offspring patterns in R. speratus. We examined microsatellite genotypes in C. lacteus to test a prediction arising from the R. speratus GCD model: that nymphs should result from reproduction by neotenics, rather than the primary pair. In five of six colonies examined, genotypes indicated that all workers and nymphs were derived from a single reproductive pair. In three of these cases, the primary queen was also located and examined; her genotype matched that inferred from worker and nymph genotypes. These results suggest that the GCD model proposed for R. speratus does not apply to C. lacteus, at least under field conditions. The male-nymph bias following queen removal therefore remains an unresolved issue in C. lacteus., BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
Insectes Sociaux, 01 Dec. 2011, [Reviewed] - Sex ratios and caste compositions in field colonies of the termite Reticulitermes speratus in Eastern Japan.
Kitade O; Miyata H; Hoshi M & Hayashi Y., Lead, Caste compositions and sex ratios in field colonies of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus were investigated in Ibaraki, Japan. The average worker ratio was 0.858 and similar to that found in R. flavipes. The soldier and nymph ratios were variable among nests. The sex ratio of workers within a colony was nearly equal (female rate = 0.503), but significantly female biased in soldiers (0.596) and nymphs (0.569). The variations of sex ratios for each caste among nests were the largest in nymphs. Highly female-biased nymph sex ratios observed in two nests possibly reflect the underlying genetic caste determination mechanism., CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV
Sociobiology, 01 Oct. 2011, [Reviewed] - Paternity analysis in an egg-carrying aquatic insect Appasus major (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) using microsatellite markers.
Inada K; Kitade O & Morino H., The giant water bug Appasus major exhibits a peculiar reproductive behavior where females lay eggs on the backs of males. A male and female pair performs frequent repeat copulations during the oviposition behavior, and the male carries the deposited eggs until hatching. Such characteristic behaviors predict that the eggs are fertilized by the brooding males. If males carry eggs of other unrelated males, the egg carrying will drastically decrease the fitness of the carriers. In this study, we examined genetic relationships between the 489 eggs and nine males carrying them collected from the field, using microsatellite DNA markers. We revealed that in total, 28.4% of the eggs were of other male origin. This is the first report of frequent brood parasitism in an aquatic egg-carrying hemipteran insect. The brood parasitism is adaptive for the females probably because it enables them to increase the chance of oviposition, or it can equalize motility risk of the eggs of each mate., WILEY-BLACKWELL
Entomological Science, 01 Oct. 2011, [Reviewed] - Evidence for genetically influenced caste determination in phylogenetically diverse species of the termite genus Reticulitermes.
Kitade O; Hoshi M; Odaira S; Asano A; Shimizu M; Hayashi Y & Lo N., Lead, A number of social insect species have recently been shown to have genetically influenced caste determination (GCD), challenging the conventional view that caste determination should be strictly environmental. To date, GCD has been found in phylogenetically isolated species; examples of GCD being present in multiple species of a genus are lacking. Through crossing experiments of neotenic (juvenile) reproductives, we have recently provided the first evidence for a royal versus worker GCD in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. To elucidate whether this system is more widespread, we performed crossing experiments using three additional Reticulitermes species. Offspring caste and sex ratios were found to be highly similar to those found previously in R. speratus, raising the possibility that GCD was present in an ancestral lineage of Reticulitermes, and subsequently maintained throughout several episodes of speciation., ROYAL SOC
Biology Letters, 2011 - Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids with emphasis on the order Cristamonadida and its complex morphological evolution
Satoko Noda; Clea Mantini; Christian Bordereau; Osamu Kitade; Michael F. Dolan; Eric Viscogliosi; Moriya Ohkuma, Parabasalia represents a complex assemblage of species, which recently received extensive reorganization. The newly created order Cristamonadida unites complex hypermastigids belonging to the Lophomonadida like the joeniids, the multinucleate polymonad Calonymphidae, and well-developed trichomonads in the Devescovinidae. All these protists exclusively occur in the guts of termites and related insects. In this study, small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes were identified without cultivation from 14 species in Cristamonadida including previously unstudied genera such as Joenina, Joenia, Joenoides, Macrotrichomonas, Gigantomonas, and Foaina. Despite the great morphological diversity of Cristamonadida, our phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of this order. However, almost all the families and subfamilies composing this order are polyphyletic suggesting a complicated morphological evolution. Our analyses also showed that Cristamonadida descends from one lineage of rudimentary trichomonads and that joeniids was basal in this order. Several successive and independent morphological transitions such as the development and reduction of flagellar apparatus and associated cytoskeleton and transition to multinucleated status have likely led to the diversity and complexity of cristamonad lineages. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, Jul. 2009, [Reviewed] - Four mutually incompatible Argentine ant supercolonies in Japan: inferring invasion history of introduced Argentine ants from their social structure.
Sunamura; E.; Hatsumi; S.; Karino; S.; Nishisue; K.; Terayama; M.; Kitade; O. and Tatsuki; S., In recent years, highly invasive ant species successively invaded warm regions of Asia. In Japan, the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, has become established in several coastal regions. This species forms unusual social organizations called supercolonies consisting of numerous mutually non-aggressive nests. We studied the behavioral relationships, similarity of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles (nestmate recognition cue), and genetic relationships among the introduced Argentine ant populations of Japan. The Japanese populations were divided into four behaviorally, chemically, and genetically distinct supercolonies, which may have derived from independent source populations. The result represents the recent trend of increasing invasions of invasive ants to Asia. The discontinuous distribution of one supercolony throughout most of the Japanese range suggests rapid expansion of the supercolony via human-mediated jump dispersal. Meanwhile, localization of the other three supercolonies in Kobe Port provides the first evidence for multiple invasions of distinct supercolonies into a base for international trade., SPRINGER
Biological Invasion, 2009, [Reviewed] - Should environmental caste determination be assumed for termites?
Lo; N. Hayashi; Y. and Kitade; O., A defining feature of social insects is the differentiation of colony members into either royal or worker castes. It is widely believed that caste is determined by environmental factors, with genotype playing little or no role. Social insects are thus considered key examples of polyphenism. In termites, various data support environmental caste determination (ECD) in two of the seven families; however, the evidence is less clear-cut for the other five. An alternative to ECD is genetically influenced caste determination (GCD), in which genotype has a significant influence over caste. We have recently discovered the first case of GCD of royals and workers in a termite. Here we examine previous colony composition studies of various termite species, and we find a number of results that are suggestive of GCD. On the basis of these results, we suggest that ECD should not necessarily be assumed for most termite families, and we outline methods for testing between ECD and GCD., UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
American Naturalist, 2009, [Reviewed] - Save Isoptera: A comment on Inward et al.
Cameron, Stephen; Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David; Kitade, Osamu; Klass, Klaus-Dieter; Krishna, Kumar; Lo, Nathan; Maekawa, Kiyoto; Miura, Toru; Nalepa, Christine A.; Thompson, Graham J.; Tokuda, Gaku, ROYAL SOC
Biology Letters, 2007, [Reviewed] - Coevolutionary history of a triplex symbiotic system of termites, their gut protists, and bacterial endosymbionts of the protists
Noda S; Kitade O; Inoue T; Kawai M; Kanuka M; Hiroshima K; Hongoh Y; Constantino R; Uys V; Zhong J; Ohkuma M
Molecular Ecology, 2007, [Reviewed] - Cospeciation in the triplex symbiosis of termite gut protists (Pseudotrichonympha spp.), their hosts, and their bacterial endosymbionts.
Noda; S.; Kitade; O.; Inoue; T.; Kawai; M.; Kanuka; M.; Hiroshima; K.; Hongoh; Y.; Constantino; R.; Uys; V.; Zhong; J.; Kudo; T. & Ohkuma; M., Lead, A number of cophylogenetic relationships between two organisms namely a host and a symbiont or parasite have been studied to date; however, organismal interactions in nature usually involve multiple members. Here, we investigated the cospeciation of a triplex symbiotic system comprising a hierarchy of three organisms - termites of the family Rhinotermitidae, cellulolytic protists of the genus Pseudotrichonympha in the guts of these termites, and intracellular bacterial symbionts of the protists. The molecular phylogeny was inferred based on two mitochondrial genes for the termites and nuclear small-subunit rRNA genes for the protists and their endosymbionts, and these were compared. Although intestinal microorganisms are generally considered to have looser associations with the host than intracellular symbionts, the Pseudotrichonympha protists showed almost complete codivergence with the host termites, probably due to strict transmissions by proctodeal trophallaxis or coprophagy based on the social behaviour of the termites. Except for one case, the endosymbiotic bacteria of the protists formed a monophyletic lineage in the order Bacteroidales, and the branching pattern was almost identical to those of the protists and the termites. However, some non-codivergent evolutionary events were evident. The members of this triplex symbiotic system appear to have cospeciated during their evolution with minor exceptions; the evolutionary relationships were probably established by termite sociality and the complex microbial community in the gut., BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
Molecular Ecology, 2007, [Reviewed] - Phylogeography of the Asian wood-feeding cockroach Salganea raggei Roth (Blaberidae: Blattaria) based on the mitochondrial COII gene.
Maekawa; K.; Kon; M.; Matsumoto; T.; Kitade; O. & Araya; K., The mainland Asian species of the wood-feeding cockroach, Salganea raggei Roth, has the widest distribution range in the genus, extending from the eastern Himalayas to Taiwan. The phylogeny of S. raggei was studied in relation to its geographic distribution based on the complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II for 16 representatives collected from variable localities as well as the other Salganea species and outgroup taxa. The resultant phylogenetic tree showed the monophyly of S. raggei and, furthermore, revealed some intraspecific monophyletic groups for this species. It was also revealed that the ancestors of the Nepalese population (the westernmost one) separated from the others, the western Myanmar population (the second westernmost one) followed, and the remaining group split into three monophyletic groups. These results suggest that S. raggei originated around the westemmost part of the present distribution range and, thereafter, spread eastwards yielding derived populations. Preliminary calibration rates based on the COII transversion divergence suggested that the ancestors of S. raggei evolved following the collision between the Indian and Asian plates (similar to 50 million years ago), and that each monophyletic group was formed from the middle of the Miocene to the Pliocene., ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS
Oriental Insects, 2007, [Reviewed] - Sex-linked genetic influence on caste determination in a termite.
Hayashi; Y.; Lo; N.; Miyata; H. & Kitade; O., Corresponding, The most ecologically successful and destructive termite species are those with both a nymph caste and an irreversibly wingless worker caste. The early developmental bifurcation separating these castes is widely accepted to be strictly environmentally determined. We present evidence that genotype also influences this process. Offspring from four different crosses of nymph-and worker-derived secondary reproductive individuals had strongly differentiated caste and sex ratios, despite uniform rearing conditions. These data fit an X-linked, one-locus-two-allele model. Of five possible genotypes, one was lethal, two resulted in workers, and two resulted in either nymphs or environmentally determined workers. Caste is thus controlled both by environment and by a complex genetic inheritance pattern., AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
Science, 2007, [Reviewed] - Save Isoptera: A comment on Inward et al.
Lo; N.; Engel; M.S.; Cameron; S.; Nalepa; C.A.; Tokuda; G.; Grimaldi; D.; Kitade; O.; Krishna; K.; Klass; K-D.; Maekawa; K.; Miura; T.; and Thompson; G.J., ROYAL SOC
Biology Letters, 2007, [Reviewed] - Phylogenetic relationships among Puccinia hemerocallidis, P. funkiae, and P. patriniae (Uredinales) inferred from ITS sequence data.
Chatasiri; S.; Kitade; O. & Ono; Y., Puccinia hemerocallidis and P. funkiae resemble each other morphologically
however, they are biologically and taxonomically distinct, with telia of the former being restricted to species of Hemerocallis and the latter to Hosta species. However, both fungi share a macrocyclic and heteroecious life cycle with Patrinia villosa as the spermogonial and aecial host. An additional microcyclic rust fungus, P. patriniae, is also known on P. villosa. This microcyclic fungus is similar to the two macrocyclic fungi in its telial structure and teliospore morphology. These similarities in morphology and host relationships suggest the three fungi may also share a close evolutionary relationship. To determine the phylogenetic relationships of the three species, a portion of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat encoding the ITS and 5.8S subunit regions was amplified by PCR, sequenced, and analyzed. The resulting phylogenetic trees showed that P. hemerocallidis and P. funkiae share a recent common ancestor and that P. patriniae is closely allied with P. hemerocallidis. The results suggest a possible evolutionary derivation of microcyclic P. patriniae from macrocyclic heteroecious P. hemerocallidis, which fits the evolutionary interpretation of correlated species known as Tranzschel's law. © The Mycological Society of Japan and Springer-Verlag 2006., Springer Japan
Mycoscience, 2006, [Reviewed] - Intraspecific molecular phylogeny, genetic variation, and phylogeography of Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Park; Y.C.; Kitade; O.; Schwartz; M.; Kim; J.P. & Kim; W., Population structure was investigated in Reticulitermes speratus populations in the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago. All trees derived from analyses of the combined sequence dataset of two mitochondrial genes, COII and COIII, showed that R. speratus populations cluster into two major clades comprising the Korean/southern Japanese populations and the northern Japanese populations. Analysis of population genetic structure showed strong genetic partitioning between populations of the two clades. To understand historical migration routes and current distributions, the phylogeographic history of R. speratus was inferred from intra-/interspecific phylogeny and divergence times estimated between the clades of the phylogenetic tree. The estimated migration route and divergence time of ancestral R. speratus are congruent with recent paleogeographic hypotheses involving land-bridge connections between the Asian continent and the Japanese Archipelago. We suggest that ancestral R. speratus separated into northern and southern Japanese populations after its migration into the Japanese main islands from East China during the early Pleistocene via the East China Sea basin, which may have been exposed during that period. The Korean populations seem to have diverged recently from southern Japanese populations; this may explain the current distribution of R. speratus in the Japanese Arachipelago, and account for why it is restricted to northern areas of the Tokara Strait., SPRINGER SINGAPORE PTE LTD
Molecules and Cells, 2006, [Reviewed] - Parthenogenesis by neotenic reproductives of Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from various regions of Japan.
Hayashi; Y.; Miyata; H. & Kitade; O., Last, In the previous report of parthenogenesis by neotenic reproductives (neotenics) of Reticulitermes speratus, neotenics from only one population were examined for parthenogenetic ability, although this species is distributed widely in Japan. In this study we examined parthenogenesis ability of neotenics from four areas in Honshu, Japan and revealed that all of the nymphoids and ergatoids from the four areas had parthenogenetic ability. Nymphoids produced significantly more eggs and larvae than ergatoids during the 180 days of the experiment. All of the offspring produced through parthenogenesis were female, and the chromosome numbers of the offspring examined in this study were diploid numbers (2n = 42). Microsatellite polymorphism analysis revealed that the heterozygous mother neotenics produced only homozygous offspring by parthenogenesis. The parthenogenetic ability that produced female, diploid, and homozygous offspring was common among the neotenics from the four sampling areas, and consistent with the previous report. Almost all the offspring produced through parthenogenesis differentiated into nymphs., CALIF STATE UNIV
Sociobiology, 2006 - Diverse colony genetic structure in the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Hayashi; Y.; Kitade; O.; Gonda; M.; Kondo; T.; Miyata; H. & Urayama; K.), Colony genetic structures of the Japanese subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus were investigated using the microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers (DSCP and PCR-RFLP). In two 30 x 30 m(2) plots, all dead tree trunks and branches were probed for termite nests, and 32 nests detected were grouped into 15 colonies based on the microsatellite genotypes and mtDNA haplotypes. Average relatedness among workers within colonies exhibited considerable variation (r = 0.251 to 0.826). Seven of 15 colonies comprised two matrilines, which indicates pleometrosis and/or colony fusion. The rate of polygamous colonies (73%, estimated from microsatellite and mtDNA data) was considerably high compared with the previous genetic studies of Reticulitermes spp. Genetic differentiation between the two study plots separated by about 100 m was significant. The high polygamous colony rate and the genetic differentiation between the two plots suggested that colony budding was the predominant mode of colony reproduction in this population., CALIF STATE UNIV
Sociobiology, 2005, [Reviewed] - Endosymbiotic Bacteroidales bacteria of flagellated protist Pseudotrichonympha grassii in the gut of termite Coptotermes formosanus.
Noda; S.; Iida; T.; Kitade; O.; Nakajima; H.; Kudo; T. & Ohkuma; M., A unique lineage of bacteria belonging to the order Bacteroidales was identified as an intracellular endosymbiont of the protist Pseudotrichonympha grassii (Parabasalia, Hypermastigea) in the gut of the termite Coptotermesformosanus. We identified the 16S rRNA, gyrB, elongation factor Tu, and groEL gene sequences in the endosymbiont and detected a very low level of sequence divergence (< 0.9% of the nucleotides) in the endosymbiont population within and among protist cells. The Bacteroidales endosymbiont sequence was affiliated with a cluster comprising only sequences from termite gut bacteria and was not closely related to sequences identified for members of the Bacteroidales attached to the cell surfaces of other gut protists. Transmission electron microscopy showed that there were numerous rod-shaped bacteria in the cytoplasm of the host protist, and we detected the enclosymbiont by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an oligonucleotide probe specific for the 16S rRNA gene identified. Quantification of the abundance of the Bacteroidales endosymbiont by sequence-specific cleavage of rRNA with RNase H and FISH cell counting revealed, surprisingly, that the enclosymbiont accounted for 82% of the total bacterial rRNA and 71% of the total bacterial cells in the gut community. The genetically nearly homogeneous endosymbionts of Pseudotrichonympha were very abundant in the gut symbiotic community of the termite., AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005, [Reviewed] - On the origin of termite workers: weighing up the phylogenetic evidence.
On the origin of termite workers: weighing up the phylogenetic evidence.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2004 - Molecular phylogenies of parabasalid symbionts of termites.
Gerbod D; Noel C; Dolan MF; Edgcomb VP; Sanders E; Moriya S; Kitade O; Ohkuma M; Fast NM; Palmer JD; Capron M; Kudo T; Sogin ML; Keeling PJ; Viscogliosi E
Cladistics, 2004, [Reviewed] - Distribution and composition of colony founding associations of a subterranean termite, Reticulitermes kanmonensis.
Kitade; O.; Hayashi; Y.; Kikuchi; Y. and Kawarasaki; S., Lead, We investigated distribution and sexual composition of founding associations of Reticulitermes kanmonensis, the Japanese subterranean termite, which occurs only in the Kanmon area. These properties are discussed in relation to body size and mitochondrial genotype of the dealates. The founding colonies showed a highly aggregated distribution with a 'hot spot' of colony founding; however; mitochondrial haplotypes of the dealates suggested random mating. Monogamous colonies were predominant, but solitary colonies and colonies with two females and/or males also occurred. Paired dealates tended to be larger than solitary founders, suggesting that both sexes were under sexual selection related to body size., BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA
Entomological Science, 2004 - Comparison of symbiotic flagellate faunae between termites and a wood-feeding cockroach of the genus Cryptocercus
Kitade; O., Termites of most isopteran families and wood-feeding cockroaches of the genus Cryptocercus usually harbor more than one symbiotic flagellate species in their hindgut. To evaluate the similarity of their symbiont faunae, data on symbiont composition at a generic level were examined by cluster analysis and type III quantification method. In both analyses, the symbiont composition recorded from host insects belonging to the same families or monophyletic family groups tended to be similar. This tendency was particularly remarkable in the clade Kalotermitidae and the clade Rhinotermitidae plus Serritermitidae. Two basal host groups, the Cryptocercidae and the Mastotermitidae, exhibited very different symbiont compositions. These findings suggested that the symbiont faunae mainly reflect the host's phylogenetic relationships. Within the Rhinotermitid hosts, the genus Reticulitermes showed a unique symbiont fauna although it is not a basal taxon in the Rhinotermitidae. Horizontal transfers of symbiotic protists might explain such anomalistic fauna. © 2004, Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology &
The Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Microbes and Environments, 2004 - Patterns of neotenic differentiation in a subterranean termite, Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Miyata; H.; Furuichi; H. and Kitade; O., Last, Plasticity in the caste developmental pathway is a remarkable characteristic of termite societies. In Reticulitermes, two types of neotenic reproductive, nymphoids and ergatoids, may differentiate from nymphs and workers and take over reproduction in the colony after the death of the original primary reproductive pair. We examined the dynamics of newly differentiated nymphoids and ergatoids in experimentally orphaned laboratory colonies of R. speratus with different caste compositions. The period required for differentiation of nymphoids was shorter than that for differentiation of ergatoids. The sex ratio of neotenics was strongly female-biased, particularly in ergatoids. The results suggested that the number of differentiated ergatoids was restricted by the existence of nymphs or nymphoids in a colony. Workers were assumed to kill most newly differentiated neotenics. Attack reflecting conflict between colony members is probably an important mechanism to control neotenic emergence., BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA
Entomological Science, 2004 - Molecular phylogeny of the Rhinotermitidae.
Lo; N.; Kitade; O.; Miura; T.; Constantino; R. and Matsumoto; T., Relationships among genera in the termite family Rhinotermitidae and their relationship to the families Termitidae and Serritermitidae were investigated based on analysis of three mitochondrial genes: COI, COII and 16S rDNA. Maximum Parsimony (MP) bootstrap analysis of each of these genes indicated a low level of phylogenetic incongruence between them, and thus they were combined and analysed by MP and Bayesian analysis. Six main lineages were clearly identified, however relationships among these were not well de Fined. Tentative support was found for the Rhinotermitid genera Coptotermes, Heterotermes and Reticulitermes being the sister group to the Termitidae, rendering the Rhinotermitidae paraphyletic. The species Serritermes serrifer and Glossotermes oculatus were found to group with strong support, in agreement with the recent transfer of the latter species to the family Serritermitidae based on morphological characteristics. No support was found for the Rhinotermitidae being paraphyletic with respect to the Serritermitidae. A number of disagreements were found between the molecular tree and traditional classifications of genera within subfamilies., BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
Insectes Sociaux, 2004 - Parthenogenetic reproduction in neotenics of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Hayashi; Y.; Kitade; O. and Kojima; J.
Entomological Science, 2003 - Novel clade of Rickettsia spp. from leeches.
Kikuchi; Y.; Sameshima; S.; Kitade; O.; Kojima; J. and Fukatsu; T., Intracellular rickettsia-like structures were found in the tissues of a glossiphoniid leech, Torix tagoi, by transmission electron microscopy. Diagnostic PCR analysis using specific primers suggested that of the nine glossiphoniid species examined, two species, T. tagoi and Hemicrepsis marginata, harbored bacteria of the genus Rickettsia. A 1.5-kb eubacterial 16S rRNA gene segment obtained from each of these species was amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that the Rickettsia species found in the leeches constituted a novel clade that is distinct from the clade of arthropod-associated Rickettsia species. In natural populations, 97.7% (43 of 44) of T. tagoi leeches and 100% (9 of 9) of H. marginata leeches carried Rickettsia, suggesting that infection with Rickettsia is prevalent in these leeches. This is the first report of Rickettsia found in annelids., AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002 - Localized distribution of an alien termite Reticulitermes kanmonensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Kitade; O. and Hayashi; Y., Lead, The distributional range of Reticulitermes kanmonensis, a termite species so far recorded only in and around Shimonoseki, Japan, was investigated. On the Honshu side of the Kanmon Strait where Shimonoseki is located, R. kanmonensis has a wider distributional range than has been thought; colonies were found not only in areas along the coast, but also in inland areas including forests with natural vegetation. In Kyushu the termite was found only in and around the Kiku Peninsula. The distributional patterns of R. kanmonensis and related species and the historical background of the distributional area strongly suggest the artificial introduction of this species into Shimonoseki., Entomological Society of Japan
Entomological Science, 2002 - Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids inferred from small subunit rRNA sequences, with emphasis on the Devescovinidae and Calonymphidae (Trichomonadea).
Gerbod; D.; Noël; C.; Dolan; M. F.; Edgcomb; V. P.; Kitade; O.; Noda; S.; Dufernez; F.; Ohkuma; M.; Kudo; T.; Capron; M.; Sogin; M. and Viscogliosi; E., Small subunit rRNA sequences were obtained by polymerase chain reaction from trichomonad symbionts of termites that belong to the polymastigont Calonymphidae, including Snyderella tabogae, Calonympha grassii, and Metacoronympha senta. The yet-unidentified sequence Nk9 previously obtained from the termite Neotermes koshunensis, has also been shown to derive from the Devescovinidae Devescovina sp. by in situ hybridization. These new sequences were analyzed by distance, parsimony, and likelihood methods in a broad phylogeny including all identified parabasalid sequences available in databases. All analyses revealed the emergence of a very well supported Devescovinidae/Calonymphidae group but showed an unexpected dichotomy of the Calonymphidae represented by the "Coronympha" and "Calonympha" groups. It strongly suggests that the polymastigont state observed in the Calonymphidae might be explained by at least two independent evolutionary events. In a second phylogenetic analysis, some yet-unidentified parabasalid sequences likely deriving from the Devescovinidae/Calonymphidae taxa, were added to our data set. This analysis confirmed the polyphyly of the Calonymphidae. A tentative identification is proposed for each of these sequences, and hypotheses on the origin of the Devescovinidae and Calonymphidae are discussed. Tritrichomonas foetus or a close relative might be the best candidate for the ancestor of the Devescovinidae, fairly consistent with morphology-based hypotheses. Regarding the Calonymphidae, the origin of the "Coronympha" group might be found within the Devescovinidae, related to Foaina, whereas the "Calonympha" group may directly descend from Tritrichomonas or related species. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science (USA)., ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2002 - Microsatellite loci in the Japanese subterranean termite, Reticulitermes speratus
Hayashi; Y.; Kitade; O. and Kojima; J., Reticulitermes termites have such a cryptic life style and complex colony structure that polymorphic microsatellite markers are desired to investigate their population and colony structures. We successfully isolated seven microsatellite loci in R. speratus, the Japanese subterranean termite, five of which were polymorphic. These polymorphic loci had 2-8 alleles per locus and their observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.059 to 0.438. These five loci were also polymorphic in R. kanmonensis, distributed sympatrically with R. speratus in the Kanmon Region, western Japan; the number of alleles per locus was 2-5, and observed heterozygosity was 0.176-0.625., BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2002 - Sexual polyethism of founding reproductives in incipient colonies of the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica (Isoptera : Termopsidae)
M Machida; T Miura; O Kitade; T Matsumoto, When social insects found a new colony, the founders have to obtain energy and nutrition without helpers in order to invest in their progeny and their own survival. In some species of termites, biparental care is common during the incipience of colony growth, where male and female reproductives cooperate with one another differently. In this study, we investigated the behavioral difference between sexes of founding reproductives during the preovipositional, parent-egg and parent-larva periods, focusing on trophallactic and grooming behaviors in the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica (Isoptera: Termopsidae). Both behaviors were significantly different in the preovipositional. period, when males frequently gave stomodeal or proctodeal fluid to females and groomed them. However, after the appearance of their progenies (larvae), the significant behavioral difference was not seen, although high-protein trophallactic fluid was transferred from females to larvae. It was concluded that the behavioral role of reproductives altered in response to the stages of incipient colonies., CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV
SOCIOBIOLOGY, 2001, [Reviewed] - A reexamination of the taxonomic position of Chinese Heterotermes aculabialis (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase II gene.
Xing; L.; Maekawa; K.; Miura; T.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., Although Heterotermes has been thought to be confined to tropical areas, some Chinese taxonomists suggest that this genus is also distributed in subtropical to temperate areas and treat some Chinese species as Heterotermes. We sequenced 677 bp of the mitochondrial COII gene of several Reticulitermes and Heterotermes species from Australia, France, China, Indonesia and Japan. The inferred molecular phylogeny showed that Heterotermes aculabialis from China and Reticulitermes species from various localities of the world formed a monophyletic group, suggesting that the Chinese Heterotermes aculabialis should be transferred to Reticulitermes. Our preliminary findings of the flagellate fauna in the hindgut of this species support this suggestion., Entomological Society of Japan
Entomological Science, 2001 - Nitrogen recycling through proctodeal trophallaxis in the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica (Isoptera : Termopsidae).
Machida; M.; Kitade; O.; Miura; T. and Matsumoto; T., Trophallaxis is one of a variety of nutritional tactics that enable termites to conserve and recycle nitrogenous compounds. In this study, we designed three experiments to reveal the function and importance of proctodeal trophallaxis in the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica. First, our observations showed that younger instars and soldiers tended to behave as recipients of proctodeal fluid, while older instars acted mainly as donors. Secondly, nitrogen-deficient groups of termite individuals were introduced to groups of nourished individuals; results indicate that the frequency of proctodeal trophallaxis was significantly higher than in control groups. Additionally, the nitrogen content in the proctodeal fluid of nitrogen-deficient individuals increased after trophallactic interactions with well-nourished individuals. Finally, we set up three groups reared with different concentrations of nitrogenous compounds (amino acids) in their diet, to investigate the correlation between the frequency of trophallactic behavior and the protein concentration of proctodeal fluid. As expected proctodeal fluid of low protein content was frequently exchanged among individuals in nitrogen-poor conditions, while high-protein proctodeal fluid was transferred less frequently under nitrogen-rich conditions. These results suggest that termites have plasticity of trophallactic behavior in response to their nutritional conditions, and trophallaxis contributes to the nutritional homeostasis of colonies., BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
Insectes Sociaux, 2001 - Uric Acid strage in the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica.
Machida; M.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., As a basis to understand the nitrogen economy of termites, the uric acid storage of individuals and the nitrogen content of nest wood were investigated in field colonies of the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica. The uric acid content of an individual tended to increase, whereas percentages of uric acid storage decreased, according to larval growth. The pattern of uric acid storage varied among colonies. No significant correlation between the nitrogen content in nest woods and the uric acid storage in termite bodies was detected. This suggested that ecological conditions other than food conditions affected the pattern of uric acid storage., CALIF STATE UNIV
Sociobiology, 2000 - Caste developmental system of the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica (Isoptera : Termopsidae).
Miura; T.; Hirono; Y.; Machida; N.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., Caste developmental pathways of the Japanese damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica Holmgren were estimated by measuring body parts. From the size distribution of head-width, seven peaks were recognized in populations of larvae. Of these peaks, the seventh has a wide range and variance, indicating that it represents several instars. The individuals that make up the seventh peak, which take the role of workers (pseudergate), are suggested to enter the nymphal stage(s), which has brachypterous wing buds, prior to becoming alates. The pseudergates appear to be totipotent, that is, capable of differentiating into any caste, including reproductives and soldiers. Sixth instars and pseudergates have the potential to become soldiers via a presoldier stage. Although the evolution of caste systems in termites is controversial, the linear developmental pathway found in this study is thought to be the typical pattern in lower termites. Sexual discrimination was also investigated, males and females being easily distinguished by examining the seventh abdominal sternites of individuals older than fourth instar larvae. Both sexes appear to follow the same caste developmental pathway., BLACKWELL SCIENCE ASIA
Ecological Research, 2000 - Molecular phylogeny of orthopteroid insects based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase II gene.
Maekawa; K.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., Phylogenetic relationships among 18 species of orthopteroid insects (Blattaria: cockroaches, Isoptera: termites, Mantodea: mantids, Grylloblattodea: grylloblattids, Phasmatodea: stick-insects, Orthoptera-Caerifera: locusts, Orthoptera-Ensifera: crickets, and Dermaptera: earwigs), were estimated based on DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene. Our results drew attention to the need for caution in using third codon positions for tree construction, since it was likely that base pair substitutions of third codon positions in the COII gene were saturated among taxa used in the present study. We also detected that there were many phylogenetically informative sites in first codon positions. Phylogenetic trees using first and second codon positions based on both the neighbor-joining method and parsimony analysis indicated that the topology was nearly identical to each other. The phylogenetic relationships among these taxa differ from the current classification based on morphological characters. The inferred trees showed that grylloblattids were not a primitive group, but closely related to the Dictyoptera. Stick-insects were closely related to the Dictyoptera and grylloblattids, not to crickets. Locusts and crickets formed a monophyletic group. Earwigs were only distantly related to the Dictyoptera. Within the Dictyoptera, cockroaches and termites constituted a monophyletic group, with mantids as a sister group to that complex., ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN
Zoological Science, 1999 - Molecular phylogeny and geographic distribution of wood-feeding cockroaches in East Asian Islands.
Maekawa; K.; Lo; N.; Kitade; O.; Miura; T. and Matsumoto; T., Molecular phylogenetic relationships of the wood-feeding cockroach genera Salganea and Panesthia (Blaberidae; Panesthiinae) in East Asian Islands (Ryukyu archipelago and Taiwan Island) were analyzed based on the DNA sequence of the complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene. Unweighted parsimony analysis resulted in high bootstrap support; for relationships within Panesthia taxa; however, some nodes were unresolved between members of Salganea. Comparison of the number of transitions and transversions with genetic distance at each codon position suggested that saturation of third-codon substitutions has occurred between certain pairs of taxa. Consequently, differential weighting of substitutions at these sites was performed, which resulted in a substantial increase in resolution of Salganea relationships. The inferred phylogenies for both genera displayed good correspondence to the geographical locations of populations but however did not agree with previous subspecies designations based on morphological characters. It appears that both cockroach genera invaded the Ryukyu archipelago from the Taiwan region via a land-bridge present in the Miocene period. Invasion of the main islands of Japan by these cockroaches most likely occurred before the formation of the Tokara Tectonic Strait. Our study suggests that several barriers to gene flow have arisen and persisted over the past similar to 10 million years, which have caused segregation and vicariant speciation of the cockroach taxa of this region. (C) 1999 Academic Press., ACADEMIC PRESS INC
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evdution., 1999 - Phylogenetic comparison of endosymbionts with their host ants based on molecular evidence.
Sameshima; S.; Hasegawa; E.; Kitade; O.; Minaka; N. and Matsumoto; T., Some Formicid ants have symbiotic intracellular bacteria in the epithelial cells of their midgut. These endosymbionts are believed to be derived from a common ancestor. A recent study revealed that endosymbionts of the ant genus Camponotus are closely related to Enterobacteriaceae, but their relationship to endosymbionts of other genera of ants is unknown. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of endosymbionts and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COl) of their host were determined in five genera of the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Based on these molecular data, we constructed phylogenetic trees in order to characterize the systematic position of the symbionts and to estimate the relationship of symbionts and hosts. The analysis showed that the endosymbionts were all connected with the Enterobacteriaceae but did not constitute a monophylitic group, while the three genera belonging to the tribe Camponotini, the endosymbionts and their hosts made a clade. The topologies of these trees were identical for the most part. These results suggest that the endosymbionts of ants have plural origins, and that in the Camponotini, ancestral symbionts have coevolved with their host ants, which are so divergent to several genera as to construct one tribe., Zoological Society of Japan
Zoological Science., 1999 - Characteristics of the symbiotic flagellate composition within the termite family Rhinotermitidae (Isptera).
Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., Lead, All lower termites contain a symbiotic flagellate community in their hindguts. Yamin (1979) listed the symbiotic protistan composition of 31 species that belong to the family Rhinotermitidae. In this study, the symbiont composition of additional 23 Rhinotermitid termite species were investigated. The flagellate genera Spirotrichonympha, Pseudotrichonympha and Holomastigotoides are prevalent among Rhinotermitid hosts. Members of the genus Reticulitermes lack the latter two flagellate genera, but possess the most diverse flagellate community of the Rhinotermitids, being the only genus to contain flagellates of the order Oxymonadida. A one to one host-species to symbiont-species relationship is found within the genera Parrhinotermes and Termitogeton., SPRINGER
Symbiosis, 1998 - Phylogenetic relationship among subfamilies in higher termites (Isoptera : Termitidae) based on mitochondrial COII gene sequences.
Miura; T.; Maekawa; K.; Kitade; O.; Abe; T. and Matsumoto; T., Among the 7 families of Isoptera, higher termites (family Termitidae) have acquired the most complex social systems and widest diversity of feeding habits in the course of adaptive radiation. Termitidae is composed of 4 subfamilies (Apicotermitinae, Macrotermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, and Termitinae); however, the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies remains ambiguous. To test the monophyly of this family and the relationship among the 4 subfamilies, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase LI (COII) gene in 15 termite genera of Termitidae and closely related Rhinotermitidae. DNA sequences and translated protein sequences were analyzed using parsimony and the neighbor-joining method. All the resulting trees gave robust support for the monophyly of Termitidae, and overall the relationship of Macrotermitinae + (Apicotermitinae + [Termitinae + Nasutitermitinae]) was supported, which is consistent with previous studies based on morphology., ENTOMOL SOC AMER
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 1998 - Genetic variation and molecular phylogeny besed on the mitochondrial genes of the damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica (Isoptera : Termopsidae)
Maekawa; K.; Miura; T.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T.
Entomological Science, 1998 - Establishment of Symbiotic flagellate fauna of Hodotermopsis (Isoptera : Termopsidae).
Kitade; O.; Maeyama; T. and Matsumoto; T., Lead, The process of symbiotic flagellate infection of newly hatched larvae was investigated on a damp wood termite Hodotermopsis japonica. Transmission of flagellate species begins from the Ist instar larvae 1-2 days after hatching. The complete fauna is established in a majority of 2nd instar larvae, and all of the 3rd instar larvae examined have the complete fauna. The time to establish the symbiont fauna is quicker than that of Reticulitermes speratus., CALIF STATE UNIV
Sociobiology, 1997 - The diverse occupant fauna in epiphytic ant-plants, Hydrophytum moseleyanum(Rubiaceae)in New Guinea.
Maeyama; T.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., There are many ccological studies of ants. occupying the myrmecophytes. in relation to the infractions between hosts and symbionts. However, the other occupants of myrmecophytes have been scarcely studicd. It is very important to investigate all the occupants and arboreal fauna to clarify their symbiotic relationships. Wc surveyed the complete occupant fauna inhabiting the epiphytic myrmecophytes, Hydnophytum moseleyanum in mangrove forests in Papua New Guinea. A diverse fauna was revealed, that was composed of 11 ant species and 39 spceies of other animal groups. Almost all the occupant species would be comrnensals facultatively utilizing the space inside the myrmecophytcs for their inhabitation. The existence of the epiphytic myrmecophyteg. should play a significant role for the maintenance of arboreal biodiversity because myrmecophytes provide the shelters and moisture for arboreal animals and markedly increase potential sites for their dwelling., JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY
Tropics, 1997 - Symbiotic protistan faunae of Reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in the Japan Archipelago.
Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., Protistan symbiont compositions were examined for Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the Japan Archipelago. Presence or absence of 15 species (or morphotypes) of symbionts were examined about 84 host termite colonies. Seven types of basic composition could be detected, which corresponded to species or subspecies of hosts. The results of cluster analyses shows accordance to geohistorical and biogeographical data., CALIF STATE UNIV
Sociobiology, 1993
MISC
- Ant fauna of Tadami-machi, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Osamu Kitade; Fuki-Saito-Morooka; Takuma Okano; Kotaro Urayama
Nature of Tadami, Dec. 2015 - シロアリにおける伴性的遺伝要因の影響
林良信; Lo N; 宮田仁; 北出理
サイエンスに載った日本人研究者, 2008 - ヤマトシロアリのカースト決定における遺伝的要因の影響
林良信; 北出理
しろあり, 2008
Last - 腸内微生物を通してシロアリの進化を見る
北出 理
インセクタリウム, 1994 - Allozyme variation and genetic differentiation of colonies in the damp wood termite Hodotermopsis of Japan and China.
Wang; J.; Masuko; K.; Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T.
Sci. Pap. Coll. Arts and Sciences Univ. Tokyo., 1992
Books and other publications
- 行動生物学事典
Joint work
東京化学同人, 22 Nov. 2013
9784807908370 - シロアリの事典
Joint work
海青社, 01 Dec. 2012
9784860992606 - 生態学事典
巌佐庸; 松本忠夫; 菊沢喜八郎, Joint work
共立出版, 25 Jun. 2003
4320056027 - シロアリと微生物 「住まいとシロアリ」
海青社, 2000 - Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology.
T. Abe et al. (eds.), Joint work
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000 - Cluster analyses on symbiotic protistan faunae of termites and a wood-feeding cockroach Cryptocercus.
Kitade; O. and Matsumoto; T., Joint work
Endocytobiology V Tubingen University Press. Tubingen, 1993
Lectures, oral presentations, etc.
Affiliated academic society
Research Themes
- An impact of evolution of the intestinal symbioses to the host insects:interdisciplinary approaches with micro-metabolomic and genomic analyses
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
University of the Ryukyus
Apr. 2017 - Mar. 2022 - Replacement process of symbiotic microbial communities caused by host hybridization and its effects on host termite
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Ibaraki University
Apr. 2017 - Mar. 2020 - Studies of the social evolution of termites using introduction of selfish-genotype individuals into incipient colonies.
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Ibaraki University
Apr. 2014 - Mar. 2017 - Studies on the formation process of symbiotic microbial community using host hybridization technique
Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
Ibaraki University
Apr. 2011 - Mar. 2015
